Project Management Techniques to Practice Problem Solutions

Course: Code: IT Project Management BIT 361 Handout date: Assignment #: 1 6/2/2014 Home Assignment Student Name: _________________________ Semester: Lecturer: Due date: Spring 2014 Dr. Fadi Abu-Amara Dr. Amer Ibrahim 20/2/2014 Maximum Mark: 100 ID:___________________________________ 1-Learning Outcomes being assessed LO2. Analyze, describe and apply project management techniques to practical problem solutions. 2-Handing in format instructions ï‚ · Sign this page and put it as a cover for your assignment ï‚ · Submit your assignment in hand-writing format. ï‚ · This page will be your assignment coversheet. ï‚ · Sign the second page and include it with your assignment after the coversheet. ï‚ · Work must be†¦show more content†¦How would you classify the following projects in terms of compliance, strategic, and operational? a. Convert the pool heating system from electrical to solar power. b. Renovate the horse barn. c. Convert 12 adjacent acres into a wildlife preserve. d. Update all the bathrooms in condos that are 10 years or older. e. Change hotel brochures to reflect the new image of the hotel. f. Introduce wireless Internet service in cafà © and lounge areas. Task 2: A staff proposed two new software projects for your company. Project-A will cost AED 210,000 to develop and is expected to have annual net cash flow of AED 56,000. ProjectB will cost AED 280,000 to develop and is expected to have annual net cash flow of AED 70,000. The company is very concerned about their cash flow. Using the payback period, which project is better from a cash flow standpoint? Why? Task 3: A five-year project has a projected net cash flow of AED 15,000, AED 25,000, AED 30,000, AED 20,000, and AED 15,000 in the next five years. It will cost AED 50,000 to implement the project. If the required rate of return is 20%, conduct a discounted cash flow calculation to determine the NPV. Task 4: Develop a WBS for a project in which you are going to build a bicycle. 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The Rise Of The Roman Empire - 1428 Words

The Roman Empire is widely regarded as one of, if not the most dominant government to ever exist. Early civilization in Europe was dominated by the Romans, and their constantly growing empire. With the help of Greek political ideas, the Romans adopted one very similar where supreme power is held by the people from their elected representatives. These representatives were a part of the Senate, where all political laws were made and enforced, very similar idea to the type of Senate that exists in America today. Originally, the power was mainly held by the upper class and the senate consisted of 300 individuals of that class. With further Republic development, the Assembly began to select two men each year as consults that held†¦show more content†¦In this government, the people technically had a direct say in government decisions. The citizens chose who they wanted to represent them in the senate. Over the years, more commoners became unhappy with the Roman government because they wanted a share of the wealth that flowed into Rome. With their service in the military over the years, they lost control of their farming lands when they returned. This unfair treatment left them demanding a greater voice in political and economical affairs. The commoners firmly believed with some sort of political power, they would be able to pass laws and distribute the nation’s wealth more fairly. Due to the upper class being outnumbered by the commoners heavily, the Senate felt there was no other choice but to let them have a say. Eventually, the social and political rights expanded and the commoners selected two of their own, known as tribunes, to represent them in the Centuriate Assembly, similar to how the consuls represented the upper class ideas. Throughout time, the commoners (Plebeians) gained their own assembly known as the Plebeian Assembly which elected their own Tribunes and held their own votes amongst the commoners, also known as plebiscites. However, the progression didn’t stop there. The Plebeians gained the freedom to share the land won in war with the upper class (patricians). Gradually, this led to complete equality when their assembly

Ccea as Biology Coursework an Investigation to Measure Free Essays

An investigation to measure the percentage light transmission, using a colorimeter, through a solution, from pH 2 – pH 9, in which jelly cubes were immersed over a 24 hour period Interpretation Written Communication of the Data C1 Pepsin is an enzyme that works in the stomach and has an optimal pH between pH 1 and 4 or in acidic conditions. From our graph it can be seen that that the lowest mean percentage light transmission for pepsin is when the buffer has a pH of 2. Trypsin is an enzyme that works in the small intestine and has an optimum pH between pH 7 and 8 or in neutral conditions. We will write a custom essay sample on Ccea as Biology Coursework: an Investigation to Measure or any similar topic only for you Order Now From our graph it can be seen that the lowest mean percentage light transmission for trypsin is when the buffer has a pH of 8. C2 and C3 As the pH of the pepsin buffer increases from pH 2 to pH 9 so too does the percentage light transmission through the buffer solution after a 24 hour period. Although when the trypsin buffer has a pH between pH 2 and 8 the percentage light transmission through the buffer solution after a 24 hour period decreases, but from pH 8 to pH 9 the percentage light transmission through the buffer solution after a 24 hour period increases. At a low pH (pH 2) the amount of gelatine broken down by the pepsin is high. We can tell this as this is when there is a low mean percentage light transmission (16. 86%) because a lot of colour of the jelly will leak in the solution causing the colour to be deeper. But at a higher pH (pH 9) the amount of gelatine broken down by the pepsin is low. We can tell this as this as there is a low mean percentage light transmission is high (34. 14%) because a little colour of the jelly will leak in the solution causing the colour to be lighter. At a low pH (pH 2) the amount of gelatine broken down by the trypsin is low so this means there is a high mean percentage light transmission (41. 5%) because a little colour of the jelly will leak in the solution causing the colour to be lighter. At a high pH (pH9) the amount of gelatine broken down by the trypsin is high so this means that there is a low mean percentage light transmission (29%) because a lot of colour of the jelly will leak in the solution causing the colour to be deeper. C4 and C5 An enzyme is a biological ca talyst which speeds up a chemical reaction without itself undergoing a permanent change. Most enzymes are globular proteins and contain active sites. The active site is the part of the enzyme which combines with the substrate. Enzymes are specific which means that one enzyme will work on one substrate. All enzymes work best at a particular pH, their optimum pH. The proteins structure of the enzyme is altered in a more alkaline or acidic solution than the specific optimum pH. When an enzyme structure is altered it cannot fit successfully with the substrate. Activity is therefore limited to a few enzyme molecules that are still unaltered or may totally stop. The protein digesting enzymes, pepsin and trypsin, will hydrolyse the substrate, gelatine. This substrate is a major component of jelly. When a coloured jelly, such as raspberry, is exposed to a protein digesting enzyme, the colour is released into the solution as the gelatine is broken down. The intensity of the colouring released into the buffer can be estimated with a colorimeter. Trypsin is often found naturally in neutral or slightly alkaline conditions. Therefore the most enzyme activity and most colour is released from the jelly would be expected at a pH 7 or 8 and in solutions above or below this pH there would be less colour released. Pepsin is often found naturally in very acidic conditions. Therefore the most enzyme activity and most colour is released from the jelly would be expected at a pH 1 or 2 and in solutions above or below this pH there would be less colour released. Evaluation D1 I consider my results to be appropriate in meeting the aims of the investigation because we used a colorimeter. This measures the percentage light transmission as a numerical value. It is more appropriate than measuring the light intensity by eye as some of the results looked extremely similar and it could be hard to distinguish between samples. It is also more appropriate than measuring the percentage change in mass of the jelly cube before and after the 24 hour period as it is difficult to extract what is left of the jelly and it is not as accurate. D2 In order to try to obtain accurate results a number of procedures had to be carried out; †¢ Firstly, we used the same specimen of jelly. Although the jelly is from the same company there could be a difference in the composition of gelatine. If this was allowed to happen it could mean that it would take longer to break down some samples than others. This would then affect the overall results of the experiment as it would create an anomaly. †¢ Secondly, we also used a colorimeter which is extremely accurate when it comes to measuring the percentage light transmission. As it measures the percentage light transmission as a numerical value. †¢ Thirdly, we only handled the side of the cuvette as if we touched the front where the light passed through it would affect how much light passed through as it will leave a finger print on the glass and make it harder for the light to pass through. †¢ Fourthly, we kept the temperature at a constant 25 °C using a water bath. At low temperatures, an increase in temperature causes an exponential increase in enzyme activity. This is because an increase in temperature provides more kinetic energy for the collisions of enzymes and substrates, so the formation of enzyme-substrate complexes increases. At high temperatures (above 40 °C), an increase in temperature causes a sharp decline in enzyme activity. This is because the bonds holding the tertiary structure of the enzyme are broken and so the active site is denatured. †¢ We tried to use the same amount of jelly as this could affect the substrate concentration. If the surface area of the substrate increases it means that it has an increased substrate concentration. As the substrate concentration increases so too does the enzyme activity. This is because a greater concentration of substrate increases the chances of collisions and the formation of enzyme substrate complexes. D3 Although the experiment was as fair as it could have been, there were some factors that were beyond our control; †¢ Firstly, we could not accurately cut the cubes into equal sizes as we did not have the equipment to make a straight incision. This would increase the surface area of the substrate which will increase the substrate concentration. This would increase the enzyme activity as it will increase the chance of collision between the enzyme and substrate and more enzyme substrate complexes can be formed. †¢ Secondly, we could not check the temperature of the water bath on a regular basis as the experiment was carried out over a 24 hour period. If the temperature had went above 25 °C it would increase the rate of reaction as it provides more kinetic energy for the collision of the enzyme and the substrate, so the rate at which enzyme-substrate complexes form is increased. Although, if the temperature decreased below 25 °C it would have the opposite effect. It would slow the rate of reaction as it will provide less kinetic energy for the collision of enzymes and the substrate, so the rate at which enzyme-substrate complexes form is decreased. D4 and D5 My experiment is reliable as it was repeated six times in the form of the pooled class result and all of the results seemed to follow the same general trend. Although, if we had more time we may have been able to do the experiment again which would make the average or mean more accurate. However, there were a few anomalies among the group results. As you can see from table 1, in the test for trypsin at pH 9, group 2’s result decreased from the previous result (pH 8) whereas every other group increased except for group 3 who’s stayed the same as the previous result (pH 8). This could be caused from a fingerprint being put on the cuvette where the light passes through; this could lower the percentage light transmission through the solution as it will cover the glass. 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